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材料屬性指南
半導體基板材料的綜合參考 — 矽、GaAs、SiC、GaN、InP、藍寶石、玻璃和石英。
基板與薄膜材料特性
快速參考我們所供應基板與薄膜材料的電性、機械與熱特性，協助您為應用選擇合適的材料。
矽（Si）
Substrate Bandgap: 1.12 eVThermal conductivity: 150 W/m·KMobility (e): 1400 cm²/V·sDensity: 2.33 g/cm³Young's modulus: 130–188 GPaThermal expansion: 2.6 ppm/KRefractive index: 3.42 (@ 1.5μm)Melting point: 1414°C
熱氧化 SiO₂
Dielectric Bandgap: ~9 eVBreakdown field: > 10 MV/cm (dry)Dielectric constant: 3.9Density: 2.20 g/cm³Refractive index: 1.46 (@633nm)Thermal conductivity: 1.4 W/m·KCTE: 0.5 ppm/KEtch: BOE or HF based
Si₃N₄（化學計量）
Dielectric Bandgap: ~5 eVResistivity: 10¹⁶ Ω·cmDielectric constant: 7.5Stress: 0.8–1.2 GPa (tensile)Refractive index: 2.0 (@633nm)Density: 3.17 g/cm³Young's modulus: 250 GPaEtch: hot H₃PO₄ at 160°C
Al₂O₃（藍寶石／ALD）
Dielectric Bandgap: 6.5–7.0 eVDielectric constant: 8.0–9.5Breakdown field: 15–20 MV/cmDensity: 3.97 g/cm³Thermal conductivity: 25–40 W/m·KRefractive index: 1.76 (@633nm)CTE: 5.3 ppm/K (sapphire)Etch: BCl₃/Cl₂ RIE
砷化鎵（GaAs）
Substrate Bandgap: 1.42 eV (direct)Mobility (e): 8500 cm²/V·sDensity: 5.32 g/cm³Thermal conductivity: 55 W/m·KCTE: 5.73 ppm/KBreakdown field: 0.4 MV/cmRefractive index: 3.4 (@ 1.5μm)Melting point: 1238°C
磷化銦（InP）
Substrate Bandgap: 1.34 eV (direct)Mobility (e): 5400 cm²/V·sDensity: 4.81 g/cm³Thermal conductivity: 68 W/m·KCTE: 4.75 ppm/KBreakdown field: 0.5 MV/cmRefractive index: 3.2 (@ 1.5μm)Melting point: 1062°C
4H-SiC
Substrate Bandgap: 3.26 eVMobility (e): 1000 cm²/V·sBreakdown field: 2.5–3.0 MV/cmThermal conductivity: 370–490 W/m·KCTE: 3.2 ppm/K (a-axis)Density: 3.21 g/cm³Refractive index: 2.6 (@633nm)Sublimation: ~2700°C
GaN（SiC／Si 基板上）
Substrate Bandgap: 3.4 eV (WZ)Mobility 2DEG: 1500–2200 cm²/V·sBreakdown field: 3.3 MV/cmThermal conductivity: 130–200 W/m·KCTE: 3.17 ppm/K (a-axis, bulk)Density: 6.15 g/cm³Saturation velocity: 2.5×10⁷ cm/sMelting point: > 2500°C
硼矽酸鹽玻璃（Pyrex®）
Substrate CTE: 3.25 ppm/K (matched to Si)Anodic bonding: 300–500°CDensity: 2.23 g/cm³Young's modulus: 63 GPaTg (softening): 821°CDielectric constant: 4.6 (@1MHz)Refractive index: 1.47 (@633nm)Na content: ~4% (enables anodic bonding)
熔融石英／石英
Substrate CTE: 0.55 ppm/KDensity: 2.20 g/cm³Young's modulus: 73 GPaRefractive index: 1.46 (@633nm)Transmission: > 85% (UV–NIR)Tg: ~1200°CDielectric constant: 3.8 (@1MHz)Excellent UV transparency
鋁（Al，金屬化）
Metal Resistivity: 2.65 μΩ·cmMelting point: 660°CCTE: 23.1 ppm/KDensity: 2.70 g/cm³Adhesion: Ti or Cr interlayerEtch: Cl₂/BCl₃ RIEDeposition: PVD sputteringTypical thickness: 0.5–3μm
金（Au，電極／銲墊）
Metal Resistivity: 2.44 μΩ·cmMelting point: 1064°CCTE: 14.2 ppm/KDensity: 19.3 g/cm³Adhesion: Cr or Ti interlayerEtch: Ar ion milling or KI/I₂Deposition: e-beam or sputterWire bond: Au or Al wire
如何使用本指南
材料選擇是一道多參數最佳化問題。關鍵的材料特性決策取決於您的應用：功率元件 — 優先考量能隙、崩潰電場與熱傳導率；RF/mmWave — 電子遷移率、飽和速度與基板電阻率；MEMS — 楊氏模數、殘留應力與對元件層的 CTE 匹配；光子學 — 折射率、光學透明窗口與電光係數；封裝 — 對晶粒的 CTE 匹配、熱傳導率與介電常數。